札记 · 阿拉恰特随笔
哈吉梅米什与阿拉恰特老城的历史:从沼泽到石头小巷
阿拉恰特老城历史与哈吉梅米什街区:排干的沼泽、希腊工匠建造的石头房子、1923 年人口交换、风车,以及从村庄到精品小镇的变迁。
照片: Serragok , CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
想了解阿拉恰特 Alaçatı 的历史,最好的方式是在哈吉梅米什 Hacımemiş 街区走一走。这是阿拉恰特保留石头老房子的老街区之一;据当地说法,街区的名字来自曾组织排干这里沼泽的哈吉·梅米什阿加(Hacı Memiş Ağa),米特哈特帕夏街(Mithatpaşa Caddesi)上的清真寺也以他命名。2010 年,我们在这里原来的 Güneş 杂货店里开了复古小店 POP,那时只有本地居民和极少数游客知道这个街区。如今我们的酒店也在这里。下面是我们街区和阿拉恰特的简短故事,只讲有资料可查的部分。
小镇曾经就在海边;海水退去后留下一片沼泽,也带来了疟疾。据传,哈吉·梅米什阿加从希俄斯岛(Sakız)和附近岛屿请来人们排干沼泽,阿拉恰特的希腊裔居民便源于他们。各种资料给出的年代并不一致:有的说是 18 世纪,土耳其文化和旅游部的 GoTürkiye 网站则说今天的阿拉恰特约建于 1850 年。沼泽排干后,葡萄种植和烟草成为这里的标志;山丘上的石头风车建于 19 世纪 50 年代。
今天让我们着迷的石头房子,大多出自希腊工匠之手。用本地石材建造、多为两层的土耳其式和希腊式住宅并肩而立,沿着狭窄的街巷、小广场和街边水井排开。1923 年的人口交换中,希腊裔居民被迫离开,来自塞萨洛尼基、克里特岛、科斯岛等地的人们在此定居。广场上的帕扎尔耶里清真寺(Pazaryeri Camii)于 1874 年作为圣君士坦丁教堂(Ayios Konstantinos)建成,后来改为清真寺;圣像屏至今仍在,米哈拉布和宣礼塔是后来加建的。
很多年里,阿拉恰特一直是个安静的农村。先是帆板爱好者来了,随后是来自大城市、修复石头房子并定居下来的人。学术研究把这称为从农业到旅游业的转变,并以哈吉梅米什街区为例指出:品牌化彻底改变了小镇,也带来了士绅化,许多本地居民因此迁离。如今这片历史街区作为城市保护区(kentsel sit)受到保护;切什梅 Çeşme 市政府和伊兹密尔规划署制定的设计指南,旨在让立面、招牌、遮阳篷和色彩保持小镇原有的风貌。
如今的哈吉梅米什是阿拉恰特最受喜爱的角落之一。石板小巷上探出凸窗(cumba),百叶窗涂着各种颜色,三角梅从墙头垂下;其间是古董店、小精品店、各式小店、咖啡馆和餐厅。2010 年来到这里的我们,亲眼看着街区很快被人发现,一季比一季热闹。不过在清晨,或是人潮散去的冬天,哈吉梅米什又回到本地居民手中,石头小巷重归宁静。
我们的建议很简单:收起地图,从哈吉梅米什清真寺出发,穿过小巷走向帕扎尔耶里,傍晚再登上风车所在的山丘。想知道哪条街上有什么开着,尽管问我们;我们很乐意聊聊自己的街区。
资料来源 Old town, architecture, Kemalpaşa and Mithatpaşa streets, Hacı Memiş and Pazaryeri mosques: İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Visit İzmir, 'Alaçatı Urban Protected Area', https://www.visitizmir.org/en/Destinasyon/11726 , read 2026-10-12 Pazaryeri Mosque, built 1874 as the Ayios Konstantinos church: Visit İzmir, 'Mary (Ayios Konstantinos) Church-Pazar Yeri Mosque', https://www.visitizmir.org/en/Destinasyon/12015 , read 2026-10-12 Founded around 1850, farming village, windmills from the 1850s, windsurfers: GoTürkiye (T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı), 'Çeşme: See', https://goturkiye.com/cesme/see , read 2026-10-12 Marsh and malaria, vineyards and tobacco, Greek master builders, the exchange and the settlers from Thessaloniki, Crete and Kos, the church turned mosque, antique shops in Hacı Memiş: Saffet Emre Tonguç, 'Sonbaharda Alaçatı'ya gitmeniz için 12 neden', Hürriyet Seyahat (17.10.2011), https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/seyahat/sonbaharda-alacati-ya-gitmeniz-icin-12-neden-18997910 , read 2026-10-12 Hacı Memiş Ağa, the marsh and the settlers from Chios (dated to the 18th century there; other accounts differ): Vikipedi, 'Alaçatı' (citing Sevan Nişanyan, Index Anatolicus), https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C3%A7at%C4%B1 , read 2026-10-12; the quarter named after Hacı Memiş: Turna.com gezi rehberi, https://www.turna.com/blog/?p=14112 , read 2026-10-12 19th and 20th century Greek and Ottoman houses of the first settlement area, protected as an urban conservation site: Nazlı Melis Kocamanoğlu, 'Alaçatı 19. yy. ve 20. yy. konut mimarisi', master's thesis, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi (2010), https://acikerisim.msgsu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.14124/1858 , read 2026-10-12 Kentsel sit, stone architecture, narrow streets and bay windows (cumba), the design guide by İZPA and Çeşme Vizyon Ofisi: Yeni Asır, 'Alaçatı'ya tabela ve tente standardı' (29.05.2026), https://www.yeniasir.com.tr/izmir/2026/05/29/alacatiya-tabela-ve-tente-standarti , read 2026-10-12; Çeşme Belediyesi, 'Alaçatı Kentsel Tasarım Rehberi esnafla paylaşıldı', https://www.cesme.bel.tr/haberler/alacati-kentsel-tasarim-rehberi-esnafla-paylasildi-alacati-kimligine-sahip-cikiyor , read 2026-10-12 From agriculture to tourism, newcomers from the big cities: Eda Uçak, 'Dynamics of Gentrification in a Seashore Town: the Case of Alaçatı, İzmir', master's thesis, İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü (2012), https://gcris.iyte.edu.tr/handle/11147/3480 , read 2026-10-12 The branding of the Hacı Memiş district, gentrification and displacement: Cansu Erdoğan, 'Critical Review of City Branding: Case Study of Hacı Memiş District (Alaçatı, Turkey)', master's thesis, İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü (2019), https://gcris.iyte.edu.tr/handle/11147/9642 , read 2026-10-12 Hacımemiş in 2010 and our shop POP: the hotel's own story (Hikayemiz) Photos: Wikimedia Commons, each credited under its photo with its licence 更新于: 2026-10-12
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